EXTRAJUDICIAL OVERSIGHT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENTITIES IN THE SPHERE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

The scientific publication is devoted to examining the specific features of the legal regulation and implementation of extrajudicial oversight over the activities of public administration entities in the field of entrepreneurial activity in the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), with the aim of determining the feasibility of implementing relevant positive experience into national legislation and legal practice. It is noted that the study of the specific features of extrajudicial oversight over the activities of public administration entities in the field of entrepreneurial activity in the Scandinavian countries is determined by a combination of legal, institutional, managerial, and socio-economic factors that are of particular significance for the contemporary reform of the public administration system in Ukraine. In the context of the transformation of national administrative legislation, the implementation of European standards of good governance, the establishment of the principles of the rule of law, transparency, accountability of public authorities, and the service-oriented approach of public administration, the search for effective extrajudicial mechanisms for overseeing the activities of public authorities in their interaction with business has become especially important. The findings of the study indicate that a common feature of all three Scandinavian models is that the effectiveness of extrajudicial oversight depends not only on the formal existence of legal mechanisms, but also on the overall state of legal culture in society, the level of administrative integrity, the transparency of the public sector, and the institutional accountability of state authorities. It is emphasized that the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Kingdom of Sweden have traditionally been characterized by some of the lowest levels of corruption in the world, creating a favorable environment for the effective functioning of extrajudicial mechanisms for protecting business rights. Under conditions of low corruption, administrative appeals, ombudsman oversight, and access to information do not become mere formalities, but instead genuinely ensure the protection of private interests. The study also establishes that a shared characteristic of the Scandinavian countries is the exceptionally high level of digitalization in relations between business entities and public administration authorities. In all three countries, digital administrative platforms have effectively become an integral component of the extrajudicial oversight mechanism, as they ensure the documentation of administrative procedures, reduce personal contact with public officials, enhance transparency in decision-making, facilitate prompt administrative review, and reduce the risks of administrative arbitrariness.