CRIMINOLOGY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: PORTRAIT OF THE PERPETRATOR AND THE VICTIM

Abstract

The article presents a criminological analysis of domestic violence through the prism of studying the personality of the perpetrator and the victim. The author emphasizes the need to consider this phenomenon not only as a social or psychological problem, but also as a complex criminological phenomenon that affects the safety of the person and the effectiveness of law enforcement.Based on regulatory and legal sources, statistical data, and scientific positions, generalized criminological portraits of the perpetrator and the victim have been formed. The key socio-demographic, psychological, and behavioral features of perpetrators and the peculiarities of their motivation have been revealed. Special attention is paid to victims of domestic violence, their vulnerability, emotional state, behavioral patterns, and barriers to seeking help.The author substantiates the influence of social, economic, legal, and medical and psychological factors on the spread of domestic violence, particularly under martial law. It is noted that the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has deepened the vulnerability of victims, reduced access to assistance, and complicated the activities of response services.The conclusion is made about the need to form an effective system for detecting, preventing and combating domestic violence, taking into account the criminological characteristics of its participants.Promising areas of further research include the typology of perpetrators, the transformation of the portrait of the victim in wartime, and the development of indicators for early detection of violence in the families of military personnel, IDPs, and other vulnerable groups. It is also considered advisable to conduct empirical research on the effectiveness of resocialization programs for offenders, taking into account psychological and behavioral characteristics. This will increase the effectiveness of response measures and contribute to reducing the recurrence of violent behavior.