EXTRAJUDICIAL OVERSIGHT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENTITIES IN THE SPHERE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES

Abstract

The scientific publication is devoted to the study of the legal regulation and implementation of extrajudicial oversight of public administration entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity in Middle Eastern countries (with a focus on Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Israel) in order to determine the feasibility of implementing relevant best practices into national legislation and legal practice. The article notes that Ukraine is currently reforming its system of state supervision (control), administrative procedures, and mechanisms of interaction between the state and business, which creates a need to improve extrajudicial mechanisms for the protection of the rights of business entities while taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries. The study establishes that Saudi Arabia employs a coordination and anti-corruption model of oversight over public administration entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity, the United Arab Emirates applies a service-oriented and digitalized model, while Israel relies on an ombudsman and auditing model. Based on the comparative analysis, the author concludes that extrajudicial oversight of public administration entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity is one of the key instruments for maintaining a balance between the public interests of the state and the private interests of business entities. The analysis of the experience of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Israel demonstrates that contemporary trends in administrative and legal regulation in this field are associated with a gradual transition from a punitive and inspection-based model of state control to preventive, risk-oriented, digitalized, and service-oriented mechanisms of interaction between the state and business. Despite differences in legal systems and governmental structures, a common feature of the examined models is the aspiration to ensure highly effective administrative oversight while simultaneously minimizing excessive interference by public authorities in economic activity. The article proposes directions for improving national mechanisms of extrajudicial oversight of public administration entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity, taking into account the positive experience of Middle Eastern countries.